vascular endothelial growth factor  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Scaffold-mediated miRNA-155 inhibition promotes regenerative macrophage polarisation leading to anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic responses for wound healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Non-polarised (M0) macrophages grown on CG-155-i scaffolds are driven towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. A-B) Assessment of cell viability using metabolic activity and DNA content showed increased macrophage activity and proliferation on the CG-155-i group over 7 days. C-E) Gene expression analysis of miRNA-155 and downstream genes demonstrate the activation of anti-inflammatory processes following miRNA-155 inhibition via SHIP1 and SOCS1. F-J) Marker analysis of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype (NOS2, CD80, and CD86) and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype (ARG-1 and CD206) highlight a clear modulation of macrophage polarisation towards an anti-inflammatory state in CG-155-i scaffolds as evidence by decreased NOS2 and CD80 and upregulated ARG1. K-P) Quantification of TNF-α, IL-10, and VEGF expression at post-transcriptional and post-translational levels further evidences the M2 polarisation of macrophages on CG-155-i scaffolds as shown by IL-10 and VEGF upregulation. Data shows mean ± SD (n = 5), ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, Cat # DY210), interleukin 10 (IL-10, Cat #DY217B), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, Cat # DY 293B) ELISA kits (R&D Systems, USA) were used to quantify the protein release from cells transfected on miRNA-i-activated scaffolds.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Inhibition, Marker, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Scaffold-mediated miRNA-155 inhibition promotes regenerative macrophage polarisation leading to anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic responses for wound healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages are driven towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype on CG-155-i scaffolds. A-B) Assessment of cell viability through metabolic activity and DNA content showed increased macrophage activity and proliferation on the CG-155-i group over 7 days. C-E) Scaffold-mediated inhibition of miRNA-155 in pro-inflammatory macrophages maintains SHIP1 and SOCS1 upregulation despite the enhanced inflammatory environment. F-H) NOS2 expression shows a trending decrease while CD80 and CD86 levels are downregulated on the CG-155-i scaffolds. I-J) Scaffold-mediated miRNA-155 inhibition does not significantly alter ARG1 expression whereas CD206 is still upregulated, highlighted an M2 macrophage polarisation despite the inflammatory cues. K-P) Quantification of TNF-α, IL-10, and VEGF expression at post-transcriptional and post-translational levels further evidences the M2 polarisation of macrophages on CG-155-i scaffolds as shown by IL-10 and VEGF upregulation. Data shows mean ± SD (n = 5), ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, Cat # DY210), interleukin 10 (IL-10, Cat #DY217B), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, Cat # DY 293B) ELISA kits (R&D Systems, USA) were used to quantify the protein release from cells transfected on miRNA-i-activated scaffolds.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Scaffold-mediated miRNA-155 inhibition promotes regenerative macrophage polarisation leading to anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic responses for wound healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secretome from macrophages cultured on CG-155-i scaffolds induces anti-inflammatory responses on endothelial cells. A) Cytokine profile analysis revealed an increased release of pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory growth factors from macrophages on CG-155-i scaffolds. B-E) Endothelial cells exposed to M0 macrophage secretome show a reduced expression of pro-inflammatory ICAM in the CG-155-i group. F-I) M1 macrophage secretome on endothelial cells elicits clear morphological changes and decreased ICAM intensity in the CG-155-i group. Scale bars = 100 μm. Data shows mean ± SD (n = 4), ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, Cat # DY210), interleukin 10 (IL-10, Cat #DY217B), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, Cat # DY 293B) ELISA kits (R&D Systems, USA) were used to quantify the protein release from cells transfected on miRNA-i-activated scaffolds.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Scaffold-mediated miRNA-155 inhibition promotes regenerative macrophage polarisation leading to anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic responses for wound healing

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secretome from macrophages on CG-155-i scaffolds enhances endothelial cell migration and organisation into vascular-like structures under chronic-like conditions. A) Endothelial cells exposed to M1 macrophage secretome show reduced migration rates compared to M0 conditions. B-C) Analysis of migration profiles under M0 conditions did not reveal any clear differences in behaviour between treatment groups. D-E) Endothelial cell migration rate exposed to secretome from M1 macrophages on CG-155-i scaffolds result in faster cell migration compared to the negative and miRNA-free groups after 24 h. E) Endothelial cells show higher vascular-like organisation when exposed to M0 macrophage secretome. F-H) Secretome from CG-155-i scaffolds enables improved vascular-like complexity in both M0 and M1 conditions. Scale bars = 500 μm. Data shows mean ± SD (n = 4), ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p > 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, Cat # DY210), interleukin 10 (IL-10, Cat #DY217B), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, Cat # DY 293B) ELISA kits (R&D Systems, USA) were used to quantify the protein release from cells transfected on miRNA-i-activated scaffolds.

Techniques: Migration

Journal: Wound Repair and Regeneration

Article Title: Autologous Blood Clot Therapy for Wounds: Investigating the Chemotactic Effect on PBMCs and Fibroblasts in Diabetes

doi: 10.1111/wrr.70153

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autologous blood clot characteristics and secretome comparison between healthy control ( n = 12) and metabolic syndrome/diabetic (MetS/DM) ( n = 10) participants. (A) Representative image illustrating the blood clot in culture (that was spiked in with the respective treatments prior to clot induction) and its secretome. (B) The ratio of the initial clot size (surface area) and total protein (μg/mL) released into the clot secretome within the respective treatment groups. (C–D) Quantification of PDGF‐BB (pg/mL) (C), P‐selectin (pg/mL) (D) and CCL‐5 (pg/mL) levels within the clot secretome within the respective treatment groups. Statistical analysis: Two‐way ANOVA with Sidaks multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) (E‐EL‐H1577, Elabscience, USA), P‐selectin (SEA569Hu; Cloud‐Clone Corp, USA) and CCL‐5 (Proteintech, USA) were determined using sandwich ELISA assays and the absorbance read at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Multiskan GO 1.00.40; Thermo‐Scientific Group, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Comparison, Control